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In
1958 archaeological excavations uncover a medieval golden treasure
of adornments which is kept in the historical museum of Bourgas.
The Bulgarian National Revival architectural ensemble encompasses
some 60 houses, picturesquely overhanging narrow cobbled streets.
Architectural design is typical of the Black Sea coast house -
stone basement, paneled upper floor, numerous bay windows, supported
by corbels. Of greater interest are the houses of Mouskoyani,
captain Pavel, Bogatova house, Rousieva house, and others. A historical
museum with branches - archaeological exposition in "St. Ivan
Krustitel" church. A Turkish bath (18 - 19 c.) and 3 windmills
are still preserved. The old town is included in the list of monuments
of world cultural and natural heritage compiled at UNESCO.
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Old
Bishopric - built at the end of 5 c. or the beginning of 6 c. Cathedral
of Mesemvria bishopric. Dimensions are impressive; the middle nave
dominated in height and width, initially separated from the side
ones by columns and after the reconstructions of 9 and 10 c. - with
walls, cut through by semicircular arches. "St. Stephen" (New Bishopric)
- a church built in 12 c. though other sources date it back to the
end of 10 c. It has been preserved almost in whole in its initial
form. Here for the first time colour ceramic decoration is used.
Mural paintings (14 - 19 c) of high artistic value have been preserved;
most valuable are those dated 16 c. and the iconostasis icons.
Captain's house - built in the Bulgarian National Revival style,
situated on the high stone coast above the port. The elevated stone
basement is occupied by store rooms on two levels. On the floor
above there is a T-shaped parlour and 4 spacious rooms in the corners
with open on the facade. A relief badge of the guild is inbuilt
on the southern wall. Mouskoyani's house - follows almost the same
inner design as Captain's house. The parlour has an abundantly decorated
ceiling, adorned with a round rosette. An ethnographic exposition
has been arranged in the house. |
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Nesebar
is sometimes said to be the town with the highest number of churches
per capita. Although this might be wrong, their number and variety
is still impressive. Some of the most famous include:*
the Church of St Sophia or the Old Bishopric (Stara Mitropoliya)
(5th-6th century)
* the Holy Mother of God Eleoussa Basilica (6th century)
* the Church of John the Baptist (11th century)
* the Church of St Stephen or the New Bishopric (Nova Mitropoliya)
(11th century; reconstructed in the 16th-18th century)
* the Church of St Theodore (13th century)
* the Church of St Paraskeva (13th-14th century)
* the Church of the Holy Archangels Michael and Gabriel (13th-14th
century)
* the Church of Christ Pantocrator (13th-14th century)
* the Church of St John Aliturgetos (14th century)
* the Church of St Spas (17th century)
* the Church of St Clement (17th century)
Whether
built during the Byzantine, Bulgarian or Ottoman rule of the city,
the churches of Nesebar represent the rich architectural heritage
of the Eastern Orthodox world and illustrate the gradual development
from Early Christian basilicas to medieval cross-domed churches.
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BG